WASHINGTON – The Trump administration’s proposal for creating a Space Force as a new military service encountered bipartisan skepticism in the Senate on Thursday, with several lawmakers questioning the need for expanding the military bureaucracy.

Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan pitched the proposal as vital to maintaining what he called America’s “margin of dominance” in space as potential adversaries like Russia and China develop the capability to challenge U.S. use of space.

“Both China and Russia have weaponized space with the intent to hold American capabilities at risk,” Shanahan told the Senate Armed Services Committee. “Every member of this committee has access to the classified threat picture, but the bottom line is: the next major conflict may be won or lost in space.”

Shanahan also touted the Space Force concept on Tuesday at the four-day Space Symposium in Colorado Springs.

Senate Armed Services Committee members agreed that the U.S. needs to innovate in space and move more quickly to improve defenses of U.S. satellites and other interests in space. But several members, both Republicans and Democrats, expressed skepticism about a Space Force.

Sen. Angus King, an Independent from Maine, said he thinks the current approach, with the Air Force handling the bulk of space responsibilities, is working well.

“I’m genuinely undecided, although as you can tell, I’m skeptical,” King said. “I don’t think it’s broken,” he added, referring to the current Pentagon approach to space. “You’re doing a good job. Why are we going to ‘fix’ it?”

Sen. Joni Ernst, an Iowa Republican, also raised doubts.

“I guess we need some convincing that there is a necessity for a sixth branch without our armed forces,” she said.

Some committee members noted that Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson, who testified alongside Shanahan, had publicly questioned the need for a Space Force in 2017.

Sen. Doug Jones, an Alabama Democrat, asked Wilson whether she would be recommending the creating of a Space Force if President Donald Trump had not ordered it. She did not answer yes or no but said Trump has helpfully elevated public discussion of space issues.

“We need to give him credit for that,” she said.

A Space Force, if approved by Congress, would be the first new military service since the Air Force was created in 1947. It would be the smallest service by far, with between 15,000 and 20,000 members.

The Gazette’s Tom Roeder reported this week that three bases in Colorado Springs – half of the six being considered – are finalists to house the new U.S. Space Command, which would be the nerve center of the Space Force, citing sources attending the Space Symposium.