Colorado Politics

Denver reviving FDR’s Civilian Conservation Corps concept: Back to the future

Denver Mayor Michael Hancock is working to revive, on a small scale, the 1930s Civilian Conservation Corps concept spearheaded by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Great Depression.

At his state of the city address July 26, Hancock said, “For many of us, our first trip to a Denver Mountain Park may be for a concert at the iconic Red Rocks Amphitheater. What you may not know is Red Rocks was built by the hands and labor of young, unemployed, unskilled workers – members of the Civilian Conservation Corps.”

Hancock has laid out an ambitious plan to preserve Denver history while teaching young people trade skills like carpentry, masonry, surveying and landscaping, as well as principles, methods and practices of historic preservation and rehabilitation of decaying structures.

“Thanks to the hard work of our Parks and Economic Development departments, young adults interested in entering the construction and preservation workforce are starting a six-week course. They’re receiving training from our partners at HistoriCorps – to give them not only the expert insight and hands-on experience they will need for a future career, but also the guidance to secure those sought-after jobs upon graduation.”

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According to its website HistoriCorps is a spinoff of Colorado Preservation Inc. founded in 2009 in cooperation with the United States Forest Service. The organization started “with the idea to form a ‘corps’ modeled after community service programs like the renowned Depression-era Civilian Conservation Corps. The program was created through an appropriation of funding by the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.”

Its goal is to “provide volunteers of all skill levels with a hands-on experience preserving historic structures on public lands across America. Volunteers work with HistoriCorps field staff to learn preservation skills and put those skills to work saving historic places that have fallen into disrepair.”

Hancock’s new program is hosting its first student/worker cohort this summer. They are currently working on the preservation and renovation of a dilapidated garage at Katherine Craig Park in Genesee.

The modest beginning involves four young people earning a wage as they learn, but Hancock is working on an infusion of $5 million in the next two years that he hopes will bring more young people into the program to learn life skills and preserve more of Denver’s historic assets.

“At this precise moment, up at the Mount Morrison Camp, a new Workforce Historic Preservation Training Program is getting started that will provide the same, timeless, hands-on training it offered on that very site nearly a century ago,” said Hancock.

Hancock visited the Katherine Craig Park worksite in Genesee last Monday to meet with the workers and staff and tour the worksite.

The Park is the site of one of more than 150 CCC camps built in Colorado between 1933 and 1941.

Established in 1933 at the depth of the Great Depression, within months of FDR’s election, the CCC hired more than 250,000 young men between 18 and 25 to improve America’s public lands, forests, and parks, while providing useful work and a wage to support families, according to the National Park Service.

Young men, many of whom had never held a job and were, like so many others, malnourished and underweight due to drought, poverty and food shortages, enlisted in the CCC.

They were organized into cohorts and dispatched across the United States to work on public improvement projects. They made $30 a month, $25 of which was sent home to their families. Meals, lodging, tools and clothing, initially surplus WWI uniforms, were supplied. Camps operated in military style, run mostly by military non-commissioned officers in camps that CCC workers built for themselves and future cohorts.

One such camp lies at the western edge of Morrison. Camp MA-1-C, also called Camp SP-13, has been used as the headquarters for Denver Mountain Parks since 1941.

According to Tegan Gudmundson, manager of fund and relationship development at HistoriCorps, this camp is one of only two intact CCC camps in the nation, the other being Camp Rabideau in Minnesota.

Both surviving camps found purpose during and after WWII, with the Mt. Morrison camp being donated to the City of Denver for municipal use and Camp Rabideau housing German POWs and later being used in the summer by the University of Illinois for various programs.

The rest have been partially or completely destroyed, including Katherine Craig Park, once known as Camp MA-2-C, where the garage being restored today and a few other structures remain.

The Mt. Morrison camp was built to house the workers who built the Red Rocks Amphitheater, widely recognized as the finest and most unique outdoor concert venue in the world.

Red Rocks Amphitheater was the CCC’s largest and most labor-intensive project.

During construction of the amphitheater, cohorts of about 300 men rotated through the barracks from 1936 to 1941, working in the spring, summer and fall and taking winter off because the barracks buildings were uninsulated.

According to the Red Rocks official website, “…workers removed 50,000 cubic feet of dirt and rock. Although steam shovels accomplished some of the heaviest work, most of the muscle came from the picks and shovels, wheelbarrows and rock sleds. Workers (used) 800 tons of quarried stone and 30,000 pounds of reinforced steel. The project estimated to take two years actually took five. The materials cost $115,881.87 and the labor, paid by the federal government to CCC and WPA workers, amounted to $357,281.69.”

Today’s vision for the Mt. Morrison camp is expansive. At present some of the barracks and other buildings have been restored and improved for use by Denver Mountain Parks, and one has been renovated and is leased to HistoriCorp on a work-for-lease basis, another is set up as a museum, but others not in use by the city are in decay.

“There were 2,000 of these work camps across the country,” said Hancock. “The one near Red Rocks is still home to the barracks where those workers lived.”

Unlike Camp Rabideau, which according to HistoriCorps Executive Director W. Bart Berger is operated by the Forest Service as a historical museum, the plan is to use the Mt. Morrison facility as a living occupational training facility, just as it was in the beginning.

Denver’s Red Rocks Amphitheater under construction circa 1935.
Courtesy of the Colorado State Archives
Dane Cowan, project supervisor and Daniel Ensalaco, crew leader for HistoriCorp’s restoration of a circa 1935 Civilian Conservation Corp garage at Katherine Craig Park examine an historically-correct repair to a rotted support post performed by workers in Denver Mayor Michael Hancock’s Workforce Historic Preservation Training Program
Denver Mayor Michael Hancock meets with the first cohort of workers in his Workforce Historic Preservation Training ProgramL to R; Mayor Hancock, Emma Williams, Kareem Soldana and Alysia Salazar
Denver Mayor Michael Hancock addresses workers and visitors at the Katherine Craig Park Workforce Historic Preservation Training Program on completion of the first phase of rehabilitation of a circa 1933 Civilian Conservation Corp garage
Scott Weiser The Denver Gazette
Denver Mayor Michael signs the plaque made by HistoriCorp workers at the garage restoration site at the former Civilian Conservation Corps camp near Genesee.
Scott Weiser The Denver Gazette
Denver Mayor Michael Hancock meets with Alysia Salazar and Emma Williams, workers in his new Workforce Historic Preservation Training Program at Katherine Craig Park in Genesee where they are rehabilitating a Depression-era Civilian Conservation Corp garage.
Scott Weiser The Denver Gazette
Dilapidated roof of a historic Civilian Conservation Corp garage in Katherine Craig Park, the site of a circa 1935 CCC work camp.
Scott Weiser The Denver Gazette
Red Rocks Amphitheater’s Ship Rock at dawn.
Scott Weiser The Denver Gazette
Red Rocks Amphitheater at dawn
Scott Weiser The Denver Gazette
Civilian Conservation Corp dining hall at Katherine Craig Park decked out for Thanksgiving dinner circa 1934
Courtesy of the Colorado State Archives
Red Rocks Amphitheater stage area under construction by the Civilian Conservation Corps circa 1940
Red Rocks Amphitheater backstage and dressing room area under construction by the Civilian Conservation Corps circa 1936
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